Clomid 《Clomiphene》

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What clomid is used for

Clomid contains the active substance (clomiphene citrate) which belongs to a group of medicine called synthetic ovulation stimulants. Clomid (clomiphene citrate) is used as a complementary drug for fertility treatment. This medication works by stimulating an increase in the amount of hormones that support the growth and release of a mature egg {ovulation}.

How to take clomid

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Always take this medicine exactly as your doctor has prescribed for you. Clomid is an oral medicine to be taken by mouth, swallow the dose prescribed by a doctor with a small amount of water, do not chew or break the tablets. Do not exceed the recommended doses. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure.

Usual dosage of clomid

Anovulatory infertility, the recommended doses of 50mg to 100mg of clomid
are given daily, far from meals, for five days, starting on the 5th day of the menstrual cycle. In patients with amenorrhea, treatment can be started at any time. If pregnancy does not occur after six causes of treatment, it is unlikely to act and treatment should be discontinued.

Main side / adverse effects

Like other medicine, clomid can cause side effects although not everybody get them the following side effects may occur.*

• Hot flushes
• Abdominal discomfort
• Occasional nausea and vomiting
• Insomnia
• Breast tenderness
• Intermenstrual spotting
• Endometriosis
• Weight gain
• Headache
• Rashes and dizziness

 * stop taking clomid and consult your doctor immediately if the above-listed symptoms occur.

Important information
Clomid should not be given to patients with ovarian cysts or endometrial carcinoma or during pregnancy. Moreover it is on advisable to continue treatment for prolonged periods. Patients should be advised about the possible occurrence of double or multiple pregnancy.

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Glucophage Uses, Dosage & Side Effects.

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What is glucophage tablet?

Glucophage (metformin) is an oral diabetes medicine that helps to lower your blood glucose to as normal a level as possible.

Glucophage uses:

Glucophage is used as the first line treatment of diabetes. It belongs to a group of medicines called biguanides. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that makes your body takes in glucose (sugar) from the blood. Your body uses glucose to produce energy or stores it for future use. If you have diabetes, your pancreas does not make enough insulin or your body is not able to use properly the insulin it produces. This leads to a high level of glucose in your blood. Glucophage helps control blood sugar levels. If you are an overweight adult, taking glucophage over a long period of time also helps to lower the risk of complications associated with diabetes.

How to take glucophage:

Take glucophage with or after a meal. This will avoid u having side effects affecting your digestion. Do not crush or chew the tablet. Swallow each tablet with a glass of water.

• If you take one dose a day, take it in the morning (breakfast) or if you take two doses a day, take them in the morning (breakfast) and evening (dinner)
• If you take three divided doses a day, take them in the morning (breakfast), at noon (lunch) and in the evening (dinner) if, after some time, you think that the effect of glucophage is too strong or too weak, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.

If you have taken more glucophage than you should have, you may experience lactic acidosis. symptoms of lactic acidosis are vomiting, bellyache (abdominal pain) with muscle cramps, a general feeling of not being well with severe tiredness, and difficulty in breathing. If this happens to you, you may need immediate hospital treatment, as lactic acidosis may lead to coma. Contact a doctor or the nearest hospital straight away.

Usual dosage of glucophage 

Adult, children 10 years and over and adolescent usually start with 500mg with breakfast for at least one week then 500 mg with breakfast and evening meal for at least one week, then 500mg with breakfast, lunch and evening meal or 850 mg every 12 hours with or after food, usual maximum 2g daily in divided doses.

Main side/adverse effects 

Like other medicines, glucophage can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. The following side effects may occur:

• Gastrointestinal adverse effects including anorexia, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea, vomiting.
• Headache, metallic taste, weight loss 
• Anaemia, megaloblastic, hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, long time glucophage therapy may cause a decreased of vitamin B12 absorption with decreased of serum levels.

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The ‘ABCs’ of diabetes

The ‘ABCs’ of diabetes – Patient Information

What can I do to stay as healthy as possible if I have diabetes? – If you have diabetes (sometimes called diabetes mellitus), the most important thing you can do is to control your “ABCs”:

⦁ “A” stands for “A1C” – A1C is a blood test that shows what your average blood sugar level has been during the last few months.
⦁ “B” stands for “blood pressure” – If you have diabetes, controlling your blood pressure is just as important as controlling your blood sugar. High blood pressure puts you at risk for heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease.
⦁ “C” stands for “Cholesterol” – Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in the blood. High cholesterol is another factor that increases your risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other serious problems.

Why are my ABCs so important? – Compared with people who do not have diabetes, people who have diabetes are 2 to 3 times more likely to have a heart attack or a stroke. People with diabetes also have heart attacks at a younger age, and that are more severe and more deadly. Plus, people with diabetes are much more likely to get kidney disease. By keeping your ABCs under control, you can lower your risk of these problems by a lot.

Isn’t my blood sugar the most important thing? – Keeping blood sugar low is important in preventing some problems caused by diabetes, including:
⦁ Eye diseases that led to vision loss or blindness
⦁ Kidney disease
⦁ Nerve damage (called “neuropathy”) that can cause numbness or pain in the hands and feet
⦁ The need to have toes, fingers, or other body parts removed by
surgery (amputated).
Even so blood sugar is just one of the things that should get your attention. That’s because the problems caused by high blood pressure and high cholesterol are often more serious than the ones caused by high blood sugar.

What should my ABC levels be? – The levels you should aim for will depend on how severe your diabetes is, how old you are, and what other health problems you have. Ask your doctor or nurse what your target levels should be.
Many people with diabetes aim for:
⦁ A1C levels below 7 percent
⦁ Blood pressure below 140/90, or lower in some cases
⦁ LDL Cholesterol level below 100 (LDL is one type of cholesterol, often called the “ bad cholesterol” or lousy cholesterol”).

How can I control my ABC? --- you and  your doctor will work together to create a plan to keep your ABCS under control. Your plan might include:
⦁ Medicine- Most people with diabetes take medicine every day to control their blood sugar.
They might also need to check their blood sugar level every day. Plus, many people with diabetes need medicine every day to treat high blood pressure or high cholesterol, or to prevent future health problems. If you have any problems with your medicines, or you cannot afford them, talk to your doctor or nurse about these issues.
⦁ Lifestyle changes—Choices you make every day about the foods you eat and the way you live can have a big impact on your ABCS and your general health. Here are something’s you can do to help keep your ABCS under control or  reduce your health risks:
⦁ Make healthy food choice – Eat lots of fruits, vegetable, whole grains and low –fat dairy
Products. Limit the amount of meat and fried or fatty foods that you eat.
⦁ Be active- Walk, garden, or do something active for 30 minutes or more on most days of the week
⦁ Stop smoking- Smoking increases the chance that you will have a heart attack or stroke, or develop cancer.
⦁ Lose Weight-  Being overweight increases  the risk of many health problem
⦁ Avoid alcohol- alcohol can increase blood sugar and blood pressure.
Luckily, many of the lifestyle changes above can improve all 3 of the ABCs. For instance, being active and losing weight can help control blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol levels (table 1).
Ways to get your ABCs under control
⦁ Take your medicine every day.
⦁ Eat a diet low in saturated fat and Cholesterol but rich in fruits and vegetables and low-fat dairy products.
⦁ Limit the amount of salt (sodium) you eat
⦁ Be active
⦁ Lose weight if you are overweight
⦁ Avoid alcohol.

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